Thursday, October 8, 2020

J. R. R. Tolkien: Religion and Politics

 

J. R. R. Tolkien’s Sanctifying Myth: Understanding Middle-Earth, by Bradley J. Birzer. Foreword by Joseph Pearce. (2002, 2004)

“Since the appearance of The Lord of the Rings in 1954, J.R.R. Tolkien’s works have always sold briskly, appealing to a wide and diverse audience of intellectuals, religious believers, fantasy enthusiasts, and science fiction aficionados. Now, Peter Jackson’s film version of Tolkien’s trilogy—with its accompanying Rings-related paraphernalia and publicity—is playing a unique role in the dissemination of Tolkien’s imaginative creation to the masses. Yet, for most readers and viewers, the underlying meaning of Middle-earth has remained obscure. Bradley Birzer has remedied that with this fresh study. In J.R.R. Tolkien’s Sanctifying Myth: Understanding Middle-earth, Birzer explains the surprisingly specific religious symbolism that permeates Tolkien’s Middle-earth legendarium. He also explores the social and political views that motivated the Oxford don, ultimately situating Tolkien within the Christian humanist tradition represented by Thomas More and T. S. Eliot, Dante and C. S. Lewis. Birzer argues that through the genre of myth Tolkien created a world that is essentially truer than the one we think we see around us every day, a world that transcends the colorless disenchantment of our postmodern age. “A small knowledge of history,” Tolkien once wrote, “depresses one with the sense of the everlasting weight of human iniquity.” As Birzer demonstrates, Tolkien’s recognition of evil became mythologically manifest in the guise of Ringwraiths, Orcs, Sauron, and other dark beings. But Tolkien was ultimately optimistic: even weak, bumbling hobbits and humans, as long as they cling to the Good, can finally prevail. Bradley Birzer has performed a great service in elucidating Tolkien’s powerful moral vision.” – from the publisher.

Ranking: Essential.

File Code: Religion. Literature. Softcover.

The Philosophy of Tolkien: The Worldview Behind ‘The Lord of the Rings’, by Peter J. Kreeft. (2005)

Ignatius Press. “While nothing can equal or replace the adventure in reading Tolkien’s masterwork, The Lord of the Rings, Peter Kreeft says that the journey into its underlying philosophy can be another exhilarating adventure.
Thus, Kreeft takes the reader on a voyage of discovery into the philosophical bones of Middle earth. He organizes the philosophical themes in The Lord of the Rings into 50 categories, accompanied by over 1,000 references to the text of ‘Lord’. Since many of the great questions of philosophy are included in the 50-theme outline, this book can also be read as an engaging introduction to philosophy. For each of the philosophical topics in ‘Lord’, Kreeft presents tools by which they can be understood.” – Amazon. Kreeft is of course the amazing Catholic scholar and philosopher who has written on much of popular culture from an ethical point of view.

Ranking: Essential.

File Code: Philosophy. Literary. Softcover.

Bilbo’s Journey: Discovering the Hidden Meaning of ‘The Hobbit’, by Joseph Pearce. (2012)

“Discover the Christian meaning in The Hobbit. In ‘Bilbo's Journey’ go beyond the dragons, dwarves, and elves, and discover the surprisingly deep meaning of J.R.R. Tolkien's classic novel The Hobbit. Bilbo's quest to find and slay the dragon Smaug is a riveting tale of daring and heroism, but as renowned Tolkien scholar Joseph Pearce shows, it is not simply Bilbo's journey, it is our journey too. It is the Christian journey of self-sacrifice out of love for others, and abandonment to providence and grace. In Bilbo's Journey: Discovering the Hidden Meaning of The Hobbit you will relive the excitement of Tolkien's classic tale, while discovering the profound Christian meaning that makes The Hobbit a truly timeless adventure.” – Google Books. Has a sequel I need to get: ‘Frodo’s Journey’.

Ranking: Essential.

File Code: Religion. Literature. Softcover.

The Hobbit Party, by Jonathan Witt and Jay W. Richards. Foreword by James V. Schall. (2014)

“The Vision of Freedom That Tolkien Got, and the West Forgot.” Ignatius. “Anyone who has read The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings can gather that their author hated tyranny, but few know that the novelist who once described himself as a hobbit “in all but size” was―even by hobbit standards―a zealous proponent of economic freedom and small government. There is a growing concern among many that the West is sliding into political, economic, and moral bankruptcy. In his beloved novels of Middle-Earth, J.R.R. Tolkien has drawn us a map to freedom. Scholar Joseph Pearce, who himself has written articles and chapters on the political significance of Tolkien’s work, testified in his book Literary Giants, Literary Catholics, “If much has been written on the religious significance of The Lord of the Rings, less has been written on its political significance―and the little that has been written is often erroneous in its conclusions and ignorant of Tolkien’s intentions…. Much more work is needed in this area, not least because Tolkien stated, implicitly at least, that the political significance of the work was second only to the religious in its importance.” Several books ably explore how Tolkien’s Catholic faith informed his fiction. None until now have centered on how his passion for liberty and limited government also shaped his work, or how this passion grew directly from his theological vision of man and creation. The Hobbit Party fills this void. The few existing pieces that do focus on the subject are mostly written by scholars with little or no formal training in literary analysis, and even less training in political economy. Witt and Richards bring to The Hobbit Party a combined expertise in literary studies, political theory, economics, philosophy, and theology.” – Amazon.

Ranking: Essential.

File Code: Politics. Philosophy. Hardback.

Walking with Frodo, by Sarah Arthur. (2003)

“A devotional journey through ‘The Lord of the Rings.’” “Tolkien's Lord of the Rings epic tale has long captivated readers with its parallels to biblical truth. And now, Walking with Frodo looks at the biblical themes found in the classic Lord of the Rings trilogy. The 18 devotions pair choices and characteristics (deception vs. honesty, light vs. darkness, good vs. evil) displayed by characters in The Lord of the Rings and bring to light what the Bible has to say.” – Amazon. Gabbin’ about God and Gandalf.

Ranking: Keeper.

File Code: Religion. Devotional. Softcover.

Following Gandalf: Epic Battles and Moral Victory in ‘The Lord of the Rings’, by Matthew Dickerson. (2003)

“While the success of J. R. R. Tolkien's Lord of the Rings is remarkable, it's certainly no mystery. In a culture where truth is relative and morality is viewed as "old-fashioned," we eagerly welcome the message of these tales: we have free will, our choices matter, and truth can be known. Matthew Dickerson investigates the importance of free will and moral choices in Tolkien's Middle Earth, where moral victory, rather than military success, is the "real" story. He explores Christian themes throughout, including salvation, grace, and judgment. Following Gandalf will delight veteran Tolkien fans and offer new fans an impressive introduction to his major works. Engaging and theologically thought-provoking, it will interest pastors, students, seminarians, and lay readers.” – Amazon. A much better book (to my mind) than ‘Walking with Frodo’, they do have different aims; ‘Frodo’ is a devotional and ‘Gandalf’ is an explication of religious themes.

Ranking: Keeper.

File Code: Ethics. Religion. Literature. Softcover.

Finding God in ‘The Lord of the Rings’, by Kurt Bruner and Jim Ware. (2001)

I must admit that I have not read this book. I have looked into it. There are better analyses of the underlying religion beneath Tolkien; this one impresses me as mainly a proselytizing tool. I cannot fault the authors for their aims, but their style strikes me as a bit … well, frankly, of using Tolkien as a bit of cheese to bring folks to God. Or perhaps reconcile Christians to a work with wizards and magic? Either way, it seems to fall between two stools.

Ranking: Keeper.

File Code: Religion. Literature. Hardback.

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