Sunday, October 4, 2020

Out of the Old World

Brief Lives, by John Aubrey.

I had been hearing about this work and wanting to read it for years before I found a copy. “Brief Lives is a collection of short biographies written by John Aubrey (1626–1697) in the last decades of the 17th century. Aubrey initially began collecting biographical material to assist the Oxford scholar Anthony Wood, who was working on his own collection of biographies. With time, Aubrey's biographical researches went beyond mere assistance to Wood and became a project in its own right. Aubrey was careful, wherever possible, to seek out and talk with those who had been acquainted with his subjects. His sociable nature and his wide circle of friends helped him in this pursuit. At his death, Aubrey left his biographical writings in a state of chaos. It has been the task of later editors to organize the manuscripts (held at the Bodleian Library) into readable form. Aubrey's Brief Lives has been loved for generations for its colorful gossipy tone and for the glimpses it provides of the unofficial sides of its subjects. Aubrey's use of informants and his eye for the unusual provides much more vivid pictures than a biography based on documents could. He is frank but never malicious. The Brief Lives includes biographies of such figures as Francis BaconRobert BoyleThomas BrowneJohn DeeSir Walter RaleighEdmund HalleyBen JonsonThomas HobbesWilliam Petty and William Shakespeare. There have been many modern editions.” – Wikipedia. A Penguin Classic.

Ranking: Essential.

File Code: Biography. Anecdotes. Softcover.

The Consolation of Philosophy, by Boethius. Translated by V. E. Watts.

“The Consolation of Philosophy (LatinDe consolatione philosophiae) is a philosophical work by the Roman statesman Boethius, written around the year 524. It has been described as the single most important and influential work in the West on Medieval and early Renaissance Christianity, as well as the last great Western work of the Classical Period … It was written in AD 523 during a one-year imprisonment Boethius served while awaiting trial—and eventual execution–for the alleged crime of treason under the Ostrogothic King Theodoric the Great. Boethius was at the very heights of power in Rome, holding the prestigious office of magister officiorum, and was brought down by treachery. This experience inspired the text, which reflects on how evil can exist in a world governed by God (the problem of theodicy), and how happiness is still attainable amidst fickle fortune, while also considering the nature of happiness and God.” – Wikipedia. King Alfred, Geoffrey Chaucer, and Queen Elizabeth I all produced translations, and its influence on Western culture was and is great. This copy (the only I have found so far) has considerable interior markings. Penguin Book.

Ranking: Keeper.

File Code: Philosophy. Classic. Softcover.

The Song of Roland, Translated by Dorothy L. Sayers.

“On 15 August 778, Charlemagne’s army was returning from a successful expedition against Saracen Spain when its rearguard was ambushed in a remote Pyrenean pass. Out of this skirmish arose a stirring tale of war, which was recorded in the oldest extant epic poem in French. The Song of Roland, written by an unknown poet, tells of Charlemagne’s warrior nephew, Lord of the Breton Marches, who valiantly leads his men into battle against the Saracens, but dies in the massacre, defiant to the end. In majestic verses, the battle becomes a symbolic struggle between Christianity and paganism, while Roland’s last stand is the ultimate expression of honour and feudal values of twelfth-century France.” – Amazon. I used to have another translation but sold it after getting this Penguin Classics Sayers edition.

Ranking: Essential.

File Code: Epic Poem. Softcover.

The Divine Comedy I: Hell; The Divine Comedy II: Purgatory; The Divine Comedy III: Paradise, by Dante Alighieri, Translated and with Notes by Dorothy L. Sayers (and Barbara Reynolds).

Penguin Classics (the ‘Hell’ is an older printing, so the cover is a different design). The renowned epic poem of a journey through Hell and into Heaven, in Sayers’s clear, poetic translation. When she died her friend and colleague Reynolds finished the work on ‘Paradise’. “Sayers herself considered her translation of Dante’s ‘Divine Comedy’ to be her best work … Sayers's translation includes extensive notes at the end of each canto, explaining the theological meaning of what she calls "a great Christian allegory." Her translation has remained popular: in spite of publishing new translations, as of 2009 Penguin Books was still publishing the Sayers edition.” – Wikipedia. ‘The Comedy’ is one of the pillars of the Western Canon.

Ranking: Essential.

File Code: Epic Poem. Translation. Softcovers.

Selected Poems and Prose, by Thomas Traherne.

A Penguin Classic. “Thomas Traherne was an English divine who wrote both before and after the Restoration, which puts him squarely in the strong religious tradition of the time. Although he had published in his lifetime, it was mainly rather dry stuff on Church history and law; it was not until the late 19th Century that the main body of his works for which he is famous today were discovered and made known to the public. Some scholars consider him a forerunner of the Romantic Movement and its ideas, although he was about 130 years earlier and unknown to people like Blake and Wordsworth; this seems to be another part of the trend of scholars to lump what they like together and denying that traditions they dislike could have anyone of worth; for instance considering Dante as "Renaissance" rather than "Medieval", and here Traherne "Romantic" rather than "Puritan". When I read these two paragraphs, I immediately thought to myself "Yes. This is how childhood was!" Somehow, I had forgotten, but Traherne had called me back to remembrance, like a distant bell ringing in a dim wood that tells you that, wait, home is over this way.” – Power of Babel. How did I come to discover Traherne? Was it in my 17th Century Verse and Prose class? Was it a quote from Lewis, or L’Engle, or some other ‘mutual friend’? Don’t know now, can’t say, and can only speculate.

Ranking: Essential.

File Code: Poetry. Prosody. Selections. Softcover.

Revelations of Divine Love, by Julian of Norwich (Translated by Elizabeth Spearing), and The Book of Margery Kempe, by Margery Kempe (Translated by B. A. Windeatt).

I’m writing about these books together because they are paired in my mind and have much in common. “Margery Kempe and Julian of Norwich may have been illiteratebut these two medieval Christian mystics are a strikingly early example of literary female friendship. With the help of scribes, both women wrote books which play crucial parts in literary history. Julian of Norwich’s Revelations of Divine Love is the earliest surviving book by a woman written in English, and Margery Kempe’s untitled manuscript (known today simply as The Book of Margery Kempe) is considered the first English autobiography. Fascinatingly, Kempe chronicles a meeting between the two – she stopped by in Norwich to see ‘Dame Jelyan’, and they spent ‘many days’ together in conversation. Kempe and Julian shared some basic characteristics: both were female English writers; both Christian mystics who believed that they received visions directly from God; both from roughly the same late medieval epoch – they even both came to their spiritual awakenings following periods of serious illness. They were, however, quite different. Kempe was a wife and woman about town, mother to at least fourteen children before convincing her husband to become celibate, and decidedly public in her devotional brand, making long pilgrimages around England and all the way to Jerusalem; Julian was an anchoress – a type of religious hermit, living a reclusive spiritual life, walled-up with her cat in a cell attached to a church, with only a small window through which to receive food and speak to visitors. Julian’s renown was posthumous, her book unlikely to have been circulated during her life; Kempe was a medieval celebrity, drawing crowds and attention (sometimes negative – she was tried for heresy several times). Julian has always been known to scholars; Kempe’s autobiography is a recent discovery, contained in a single manuscript discovered in the cupboard of a Derbyshire mansion and identified in 1934 by American scholar of medieval history, Hope Emily Allen. Julian’s Revelations records the visions she received from Christ following an illness in 1373, and is a highly regarded work of Christian mysticism, notable for its feminine perspective and delicate, evocative analogies, particularly the image of Christ as mother. Kempe’s Book is an account of her life and conversations with Christ.” – Cecily Fasham. Kempe’s famous weeping makes me think of her as a sort of Medieval Tammy Faye Bakker. Dame Julian recounts her famous vision: “And in this he [Jesus] showed me a little thing, the quantity of a hazel nut, lying in the palm of my hand, as it seemed. And it was as round as any ball. I looked upon it with the eye of my understanding, and thought, ‘What may this be?’ And it was answered generally thus, ‘It is all that is made.’ I marveled how it might last, for I thought it might suddenly have fallen to nothing for littleness. And I was answered in my understanding: It lasts and ever shall, for God loves it. And so have all things their beginning by the love of God. In this little thing I saw three properties. The first is that God made it. The second that God loves it. And the third, that God keeps it.” Penguin Classics.

Ranking: Keepers.

File Code: Religion. Biography. Softcovers.


The Anatomy of Melancholy, by Robert Burton.

“On its surface, the book is presented as a medical textbook in which Burton applies his vast and varied learning, in the scholastic manner, to the subject of melancholia (which includes, although it is not limited to, what is now termed clinical depression). Although presented as a medical text, The Anatomy of Melancholy is as much a sui generis work of literature as it is a scientific or philosophical text, and Burton addresses far more than his stated subject. In fact, the Anatomy uses melancholy as the lens through which all human emotion and thought may be scrutinized, and virtually the entire contents of a 17th-century library are marshalled into service of this goal. It is encyclopedic in its range and reference. In his satirical preface to the reader, Burton's persona and pseudonym "Democritus Junior" explains, "I write of melancholy by being busy to avoid melancholy." This is characteristic of the author's style, which often supersedes the book's strengths as a medical text or historical document as its main source of appeal to admirers. Both satirical and serious in tone, the Anatomy is "vitalized by (Burton's) pervading humour", and Burton's digressive and inclusive style, often verging on a stream of consciousness, consistently informs and animates the text. In addition to the author's techniques, the Anatomy's vast breadth – addressing topics such as digestion, goblins, the geography of America, and others – make it a valuable contribution to multiple research disciplines.” – Wikipedia. It has had fans such as Samuel Johnson, Charles Lamb, John Keats, Jorge Luis Borges, and Dorothy L. Sayers. Another big thick brick of a book, not very handy for reading, and alas, unread by me as yet.

Ranking: Culturally Essential.

File Code: Medical/Literary/Philosophical. Softcover.


Sir Thomas Browne: Selected Writings, Edited by Sir Geoffrey Keynes.

His best works, like Religio Medici, Urn-Burial, and Vulgar Errors, with others, are all sampled here. This 17th Century author had a huge influence on many other writers even into our time (from Johnson to Borges and beyond). This secondhand book is well scribbled in; I remember choosing it to read while waiting in the hospital in San Antonio during Mom’s last visit.

Ranking: Culturally Essential.

File Code: 17th Century. Omnium Gatherum. Softcover.

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