Wednesday, October 7, 2020

J. R. R. Tolkien: More Editions of Primary Works

Tree and Leaf (including the poem Mythopoeia), by J. R. R. Tolkien. With an Introduction by Christopher Tolkien.

This edition 1989. Contains a revised version of “On Fairy Stories” and “Leaf by Niggle”, as well as the complete “Mythopoeia” which before had only been partially quoted. Before I could get a copy, I made Xeroxes of the poem so I could have one.

Ranking: Essential.

File Code: Fantasy and Literature. Hardback.


Bilbo’s Last Song (At the Grey Havens), by J. R. R. Tolkien. Illustrated by Pauline Baynes.

This edition 2002. Tolkien bequeathed this poem and the copyright to the poem to his secretary, Joy Hill, who had it released as a poster soon after Tolkien passed away. When Hill herself died in 1991, she left the copyright to the Anglican Order of the Holy Paraclete. In the 1990 edition “The couplets are printed on the verso pages, each with a unique illuminated first letter and with a unique painting of a reposing Bilbo beneath.” – Wikipedia. This version – my version - “is broadly similar to Unwin Hyman's and Houghton Mifflin's earlier version, allocating each of Tolkien's couplets its own two-page spread and including most of Baynes's 1990 artwork. However, it omits all but one of Baynes's pictures of Bilbo at rest, and it switches her arcing trees from recto pages to verso to frame Tolkien's couplets rather than her roundels.” – Ibid. The pictures on each page illustrate Bilbo’s decision and trip to the Grey Havens in a big picture on top, and underneath a smaller picture illustrating Bilbo’s adventures in ‘The Hobbit’.

Ranking: Essential.

File Code: Poem. Illustrated. Hardback.

Mr. Bliss, by J. R. R. Tolkien. (1983)

Mr. Bliss is a children's picture book by J. R. R. Tolkien, published posthumously in book form in 1982 [in the UK; 1983 in the US]. One of Tolkien's least-known short works, it tells the story of Mr. Bliss and his first ride in his new motor-car. Many adventures follow: encounters with bears, angry neighbours, irate shopkeepers, and assorted collisions. The story was inspired by Tolkien's own vehicular mishaps with his first car, purchased in 1932. The bears were based on toy bears owned by Tolkien's sons. Tolkien was both author and illustrator of the book. His narrative binds the story and illustrations tightly together, as the text often comments directly on the pictures. Mr. Bliss wasn't published during Tolkien's lifetime. He submitted it to his publishers as a balm to readers who were hungry for more from Tolkien after the success of The Hobbit. The ink and coloured pencil illustrations would have made production costs prohibitively expensive. Tolkien agreed to redraw the pictures in a simpler style, but then found he didn't have time to do it. The book was published in 1982, with Tolkien's difficult-to-read handwritten story and illustrations on one page, and a typeset transcription on the facing page. Tolkien used two names from Mr. Bliss for hobbits in The Lord of the Rings: Gaffer Gamgee and Boffin.” – Wikipedia.

Ranking: Essential.

File Code: Fantasy. Children’s Book. Hardback.


Finn and Hengest: The Fragment and the Episode, by J. R. R. Tolkien. Edited by Alan Bliss. (American Edition 1983)

“Finn and Hengest is a study by J. R. R. Tolkien, edited by Alan Bliss and published posthumously in book form in 1982. Finn and Hengest are two Anglo-Saxon heroes appearing in the Old English epic poem Beowulf and in the fragment of "The Fight at Finnsburg". Hengest has sometimes been identified with the Jutish king of Kent. He and his brother Horsa (the names meaning "stallion" and "horse") were the legendary leaders of the first Anglo-Saxon immigrants to Britain as mercenaries in the 5th century. The book is based on an edited series of lectures Tolkien made before and after World War II. In his lectures, Tolkien argued that the Hengest of "The Fight at Finnsburg" and Beowulf was a historical rather than a legendary figure and that these works record episodes from an orally composed and transmitted history of the Hengest named in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. This view has gained acceptance from a number of medieval historians and Anglo-Saxon scholars both since Tolkien's initial lectures and since the publication of this posthumous collection.” – Wikipedia.

Ranking: Essential.

File Code: Literary History. Anglo-Saxon. Hardback.

The Children of Hurin, by J. R. R. Tolkien. Edited by Christopher Tolkien. With Illustrations by Alan Lee. (2007)

“The Children of Húrin is an epic fantasy novel which forms the completion of a tale by J. R. R. Tolkien. He wrote the original version of the story in the late 1910s, revised it several times later, but did not complete it before his death in 1973. His son, Christopher Tolkien, edited the manuscripts to form a consistent narrative, and published it in 2007 as an independent work. The book contains 33 illustrations by Alan Lee, eight of which are full-page and in colour. The story is one of three "great tales" set in the First Age of Tolkien's Middle-earth, the other two being Beren and Lúthien and The Fall of Gondolin.” – Wikipedia.

Ranking: Essential.

File Code: Fantasy. Hardback.

Beren and Luthien, by J. R. R. Tolkien. Edited by Christopher Tolkien. With Illustrations by Alan Lee. (2017)

“The story [of Beren and Luthien] was published in 2017 as a standalone book edited by Christopher Tolkien under the title Beren and Lúthien. The story is one of three within The Silmarillion that Tolkien believed warranted their own long-form narratives, the other two being The Children of Húrin and The Fall of Gondolin. The book is illustrated by Alan Lee and edited by Christopher Tolkien, and it features different versions of the story, showing the development of the tale over time. It is painstakingly restored from Tolkien's manuscripts and presented for the first time as a continuous and standalone story. The intent of the book is to extract a single narrative out of the ever-evolving materials that make up "The Tale of Beren and Lúthien". It does not contain every version or edit to the story, but those Christopher Tolkien believed would offer the most clarity and minimal explanation.” – Wikipedia. “I have at long last got a copy of the most recent Tolkien book, "Beren and Luthien," and, as I imagined I would, gulped it down in one swallow. It contains, as Christopher Tolkien himself admits, "not a single page of original or unpublished work," always excepting his own thorough and scholarly editorial work and comments. So why buy and read such a book? There are several good reasons. For one thing, it draws together all the materials from one of the three great tales of the 'Legendarium,' around which "The Silmarillion" itself could be said to have coalesced. If one does not wish to go hunting and pecking through the twelve massive volumes of "The History of Middle Earth," the three volumes of "The Lord of the Rings," or indeed quotes from "The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien," here you may find the numerous versions gathered together for your convenience, and in chronological order of composition, no less; all "set out fair and square." Another would be the inimitable illustrations of Alan Lee, whose work with the producers of the "The Lord of the Rings" films has cemented him in the position of THE illustrator of Tolkien's world. With ten new color pictures (including the cover) and numerous pencil sketches, he fills in more of the visuals of Middle Earth, including alternate visions from "The Book of Lost Tales," where we see Sauron in his original form of Thu, a monstrous black cat.” – Power of Babel.

Ranking: Essential.

File Code: Fantasy. Literary History. Hardback.


The Fall of Gondolin, by J. R. R. Tolkien. Edited by Christopher Tolkien. With Illustrations by Alan Lee.

“THE FALL OF GONDOLIN, by J. R. R. Tolkien, edited by Christopher Tolkien, concludes what might be considered the Great Tales Trilogy, begun with THE CHILDREN OF HURIN and continued in BEREN AND LUTHIEN, in which the three most engaging strands of narrative from the Middle Earth 'Legendarium' are followed and developed, from their earliest conceptions to their last and latest forms. This book, as the others before it, incorporates the artwork of Alan Lee, a name that has come to be associated by an entire generation with the Tolkien brand, in eight color plates and fifteen pencil sketches. A fold-out map of Beleriand is included, the part of Middle Earth where the story takes place, and which has been drowned for many centuries by the time the events of THE LORD OF THE RINGS take place. It is, altogether, a lovely and lovingly made book. THE FALL OF GONDOLIN gathers scattered material mostly already published throughout the monumental twelve volumes of THE HISTORY OF MIDDLE EARTH into one convenient location. This allows the development of this Great Tale to be examined more minutely and the workings of J. R. R. Tolkien's mythopoeic mind and methods, his hopes and dreams, to be laid bare. Someone who has had the time and leisure to follow these threads for nearly forty years, and has had access to every volume in the ever-growing mythos, may think there is nothing new to be found, but such a person would be wrong. The ever-maturing insights of Christopher Tolkien into his father's work, the scholarly labor he brings into classifying and clarifying the different layers of composition, the guardianship and identification he has come to have with that work, has reached its ultimate expression in this book. And at ninety-four (thirteen years older than his father ever lived) Christopher states that this is 'indubitably' the last volume of his father's 'Legendarium' he will ever edit. It is the end of an age. Whatever follows after this must be at best third-hand accounts and analyses, and more or less faithful 'retellings' and retailings from the authentic material. The story of THE FALL OF GONDOLIN, both of the tale itself and the real-life account of its development, tells of a high achievement that 'founders'. The story follows the fate of the hidden Elvish realm and city of Gondolin, which has been preserved in hidden secrecy from the malice of the Dark Lord, Morgoth. The time of its fate draws near, however, and the great Vala of the sea, Ulmo, who still pities the Elves in their exile, sends the man Tuor to warn the Elven King Turgon of approaching doom. The downfall of the city, the workings out of hope and treachery and fear and fidelity, and an epic battle and defense, are the substance of the narrative. The story's finest flower and embellishment in its last version ends at the poignant point where the questing Tuor pierces the encircling mountains and gets a vision of the white city of Gondolin from afar off. There Tolkien drops the tale, perhaps too tired and in poor hopes of ever getting his stories of the First Age published, perhaps despairing that he could ever raise his powers again high enough to match the visions of his youth. It remains, as Gimli says in THE RETURN OF THE KING of the works of men, a 'might-have-been'. But it is a glimpse, a far-off dream, that can still stir the heart. And so Christopher Tolkien lays down his steward's rod. I must confess that, after what was the obvious necessity of having a version of THE SILMARILLION edited together, I had some doubts about his releases of Tolkien's unpublished works, fearing a mere 'cash grab'. But the years of his scholarly application and the wary preservation of his father's legacy, even in the face of enormous sums of money to be had, has led me to be ashamed of my original fears. If J. R. R. Tolkien has been Earendil, a star rising with hope unlooked-for in the firmament of literature, Christopher Tolkien has been his son Elrond, preserving lore and wisdom into another age. I believe I have said it before: when we enjoy these posthumously published works of Tolkien, we are not merely reading the work of one great man; we find the work of two.” – Power of Babel.

Ranking: Essential.

File Code: Fantasy. Literary History. Hardback.

Tolkien On Fairy-stories, by J. R. R. Tolkien. Expanded edition, with commentary and notes. Edited by Verlyn Flieger and Douglas Anderson. (2008)

What it says on the label. “"On Fairy-Stories" is an essay by J. R. R. Tolkien which discusses the fairy-story as a literary form. It was initially written (and entitled simply "Fairy Stories") for presentation by Tolkien as the Andrew Lang lecture at the University of St Andrews, Scotland, on 8 March 1939. In the lecture, Tolkien chose to focus on Andrew Lang’s work as a folklorist and collector of fairy tales. He disagreed with Lang's broad inclusion in his Fairy Books collection (1889–1910), of traveller's tales, beast fables, and other types of stories. Tolkien held a narrower perspective, viewing fairy stories as those that took place in Faerie, an enchanted realm, with or without fairies as characters. He disagreed with both Max Müller and Andrew Lang in their respective theories of the development of fairy stories, which he viewed as the natural development of the interaction of human imagination and human language. The essay is significant because it contains Tolkien's explanation of his philosophy on fantasy and thoughts on mythopoiesis. Moreover, the essay is an early analysis of speculative fiction by one of the most important authors in the genre.” – Wikipedia. We’ll hear more of Flieger and Anderson later.

Ranking: Essential.

File Code: Essay. Fantasy. Hardback.


Roverandom, by J. R. R. Tolkien. Edited by Christina Scull and Wayne G. Hammond. Illustrations by the Author. (1998)

“Roverandom is a novella by J. R. R. Tolkien, originally told in 1925, about the adventures of a young dog, Rover. In the story, an irritable wizard turns Rover into a toy, and Rover goes to the Moon and under the sea in order to find the wizard again to turn him back into a normal-sized dog. The author wrote Roverandom for his son Michael to amuse him upon the loss of his favourite toy, a little leaden dog which he lost on a beach of grey shingle stones the same size and colour as the toy. The work is in tone a children's story, but contains many allusions and references in the manner of Farmer Giles of Ham. It was submitted for publication in 1937 after the success of The Hobbit, but was not published for over sixty years, finally being released in 1998. the tale's brief glimpse of the Shadowy Seas and Elvenhome links it to Tolkien's Middle-earth legendarium.” – Wikipedia.

Ranking: Essential.

File Code: Fantasy. Children’s Book. Hardback.

Farmer Giles of Ham (Embellished by Pauline Baynes), Smith of Wootton Major (Illustrated by Pauline Baynes), and The Adventures of Tom Bombadil (Illustrated by Pauline Baynes), by J. R. R. Tolkien.

Bought around 1979, I believe (the date inside each, at least, says 1978), at Hastings. These are the storybooks, plain and simple (no scholarly apparatus) in stand-alone editions, and the size makes the illustration clearer and more enjoyable than ever.

Ranking: Essential.

File Code: Fantasy. Children’s Books. Hardback.

Farmer Giles of Ham: 50th Anniversary Edition, by J. R. R. Tolkien. Edited by Christina Scull and Wayne G. Hammond.

Includes all of Pauline Baynes’s illustrations, with her new drawing of a map of the Little Kingdom; the previously unpublished original version of the tale; and Tolkien’s sketch for an unpublished sequel that was never written. Notes and annotations by Scull and Hammond. (1999)

Ranking: Essential.

File Code: Fantasy. Literary History. Hardback.

Smith of Wootton Major, by J. R. R. Tolkien. Edited by Verlyn Flieger. Illustrated by Pauline Baynes.

A small, chunky book, evidently born of the same impulse as the 50th Anniversary ‘Farmer Giles’ with extra picture from Baynes, Tolkien’s notes and early drafts, and much history and scholarly apparatus. An inside look at the complicated background of this seemingly simple little story. (2005)

Ranking: Essential.

File Code: Fantasy. Literary Scholarship. Hardback.

The Adventures of Tom Bombadil, by J. R. R. Tolkien. Edited by Christina Scull and Wayne G. Hammond. Illustrated by Pauline Baynes.

Has new Baynes illustrations including her re-drawing for ‘The Hoard’, the history of the publication, and the original versions of poems that had been rewritten to make them more ‘Middle-Earthy’. Much history and insight into this “little book for the young’uns”. Includes the Bombadil poem “Once Upon a Time”. (2014)

Ranking: Essential.

File Code: Fantasy. Literary Scholarship. Hardback.

The Hobbit, by J. R. R. Tolkien. Illustrated by Alan Lee. (1997)

“Commemorates the 60th Anniversary of The Hobbit.” Over 60 watercolor and pencil illustrations by Lee. Lee went on to be one of the primary concept artists for the LOTR movies.

Ranking: Essential.

File Code: Fantasy. Novel. Hardback.

The Lord of the Rings, by J. R. R. Tolkien. Illustrated by Alan Lee.

Illustrations copyright 1991, but I got this copy much later, secondhand, and can’t pin down the printing. Has a ribbon. Cover slightly damaged. Fifty color illustrations.

Ranking: Essential.

File Code: Fantasy. Novel. Hardback.

The Silmarillion, by J. R. R. Tolkien. Illustrated by Ted Nasmith. (1998)

20 full-page illustrations in color, including the back and front cover. Nasmith is particularly good at pictures in large scale; he has that epic scope.

Ranking: Essential.

File Code: Fantasy. Novel Hardback.

The Hobbit: 50th Anniversary Edition, by J. R. R. Tolkien.

The other slip-cased ‘leather’ edition was the Green Hobbit; this is the Gold Hobbit. “The Hobbit (50th Anniversary edition) is an edition of J.R.R. Tolkien's The Hobbit published in 1987, featuring a new Foreword by Christopher Tolkien. Included in the Foreword are reminiscences by Christopher of his father, and reproductions of two pages from the manuscript of The Hobbit, together with six further illustrations and several extracts from letters written by J.R.R. Tolkien.” – Tolkien Gateway.

Ranking: Essential.

File Code: Fantasy. Novel. Hardback. Anniversary Edition.

The Lord of the Rings: 50th Anniversary Edition, by J. R. R. Tolkien. (2004)

The Black Lord of the Rings. “Fully corrected, all new text setting; color insert showing leaves from the Book of Mazarbul; deluxe leather binding with two-color foil stamping; gilded edges, ribbon bookmark; Two foldout two-color maps.” I haven’t even taken it out of its protective plastic sheath.

Ranking: Essential.

File Code: Fantasy. Novel. Hardback. Anniversary Edition.

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